Lazy Loading Issues

Lazy loading is a design pattern that defers the initialization of objects until they are needed. While this approach can improve startup time and reduce memory usage, improper implementation can lead to performance issues. This document outlines common anti-patterns related to lazy loading and provides optimization strategies.

Eager Loading When Lazy Loading is Needed

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class ResourceManager {
    private final List<Resource> resources;
    
    public ResourceManager() {
        // Loading all resources at startup, even rarely used ones
        resources = loadAllResources();
    }
    
    private List<Resource> loadAllResources() {
        List<Resource> allResources = new ArrayList<>();
        // Load resource A (frequently used)
        allResources.add(new ResourceA());
        // Load resource B (frequently used)
        allResources.add(new ResourceB());
        // Load resource C (rarely used)
        allResources.add(new ResourceC());
        // Load resource D (rarely used)
        allResources.add(new ResourceD());
        return allResources;
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

class AppModules {
  constructor() {
    // Loading all modules at startup
    this.moduleA = this.loadModuleA(); // Frequently used
    this.moduleB = this.loadModuleB(); // Frequently used
    this.moduleC = this.loadModuleC(); // Rarely used
    this.moduleD = this.loadModuleD(); // Rarely used
  }
  
  loadModuleA() {
    // Heavy initialization
    return { /* module A implementation */ };
  }
  
  loadModuleB() {
    // Heavy initialization
    return { /* module B implementation */ };
  }
  
  loadModuleC() {
    // Heavy initialization
    return { /* module C implementation */ };
  }
  
  loadModuleD() {
    // Heavy initialization
    return { /* module D implementation */ };
  }
}

// All modules are loaded immediately when app starts
const app = new AppModules();

Description

This anti-pattern occurs when all resources are loaded eagerly at startup, even those that are rarely used. This leads to longer startup times and unnecessary memory consumption, especially when some resources are expensive to initialize but infrequently accessed.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class ResourceManager {
    private final Map<String, Resource> resourceCache = new HashMap<>();
    
    public ResourceManager() {
        // Only initialize frequently used resources
        resourceCache.put("A", new ResourceA());
        resourceCache.put("B", new ResourceB());
        // C and D will be loaded on demand
    }
    
    public Resource getResource(String resourceId) {
        if (!resourceCache.containsKey(resourceId)) {
            // Lazy load the resource when first requested
            switch (resourceId) {
                case "C":
                    resourceCache.put("C", new ResourceC());
                    break;
                case "D":
                    resourceCache.put("D", new ResourceD());
                    break;
                // Add more cases as needed
            }
        }
        return resourceCache.get(resourceId);
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

class AppModules {
  constructor() {
    this.modules = {};
    // Only initialize frequently used modules
    this.modules.A = this.loadModuleA();
    this.modules.B = this.loadModuleB();
    // C and D will be loaded on demand
  }
  
  getModule(id) {
    if (!this.modules[id]) {
      // Lazy load the module when first requested
      switch (id) {
        case 'C':
          this.modules[id] = this.loadModuleC();
          break;
        case 'D':
          this.modules[id] = this.loadModuleD();
          break;
      }
    }
    return this.modules[id];
  }
  
  loadModuleA() { return { /* module A implementation */ }; }
  loadModuleB() { return { /* module B implementation */ }; }
  loadModuleC() { return { /* module C implementation */ }; }
  loadModuleD() { return { /* module D implementation */ }; }
}

const app = new AppModules();
// Only modules A and B are loaded initially
// Module C is loaded only when needed
const moduleC = app.getModule('C');

Implement lazy loading for resources that are expensive to initialize but infrequently used. Load only essential resources at startup and defer the loading of others until they are actually needed. This improves application startup time and reduces initial memory consumption.

Thread-Unsafe Lazy Initialization

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class DatabaseConnection {
    private static DatabaseConnection instance;
    
    private DatabaseConnection() {
        // Expensive initialization
        System.out.println("Creating database connection...");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000); // Simulating expensive operation
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    // Not thread-safe lazy initialization
    public static DatabaseConnection getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new DatabaseConnection();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

// In a Node.js application with multiple worker threads
let databaseConnection = null;

function getDatabaseConnection() {
  // Not thread-safe in environments with true parallelism
  if (databaseConnection === null) {
    console.log('Creating new database connection...');
    // Expensive initialization
    databaseConnection = {
      connect: function() { /* connection logic */ },
      query: function(sql) { /* query logic */ }
    };
  }
  return databaseConnection;
}

Description

This anti-pattern involves implementing lazy initialization without proper thread synchronization. In multi-threaded environments, this can lead to race conditions where multiple threads might initialize the same resource concurrently, potentially creating duplicate instances or causing partial initialization issues.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class DatabaseConnection {
    // Volatile ensures visibility across threads
    private static volatile DatabaseConnection instance;
    
    private DatabaseConnection() {
        // Expensive initialization
        System.out.println("Creating database connection...");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000); // Simulating expensive operation
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    // Thread-safe lazy initialization using double-checked locking
    public static DatabaseConnection getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (DatabaseConnection.class) {
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new DatabaseConnection();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

// Alternative: Using holder class idiom (preferred in Java)
public class DatabaseConnectionHolder {
    private DatabaseConnectionHolder() {}
    
    private static class InstanceHolder {
        // Initialization on demand by the JVM, which is thread-safe
        private static final DatabaseConnectionHolder INSTANCE = new DatabaseConnectionHolder();
    }
    
    public static DatabaseConnectionHolder getInstance() {
        return InstanceHolder.INSTANCE;
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

// For Node.js with worker threads, use a proper mutex or singleton pattern
const { Mutex } = require('async-mutex');
const connectionMutex = new Mutex();
let databaseConnection = null;

async function getDatabaseConnection() {
  if (databaseConnection === null) {
    // Acquire lock before checking/initializing
    const release = await connectionMutex.acquire();
    try {
      // Double-check after acquiring lock
      if (databaseConnection === null) {
        console.log('Creating new database connection...');
        databaseConnection = {
          connect: function() { /* connection logic */ },
          query: function(sql) { /* query logic */ }
        };
      }
    } finally {
      // Always release the lock
      release();
    }
  }
  return databaseConnection;
}

Use proper thread synchronization mechanisms when implementing lazy initialization in multi-threaded environments. For Java, consider using the double-checked locking pattern with volatile fields, or better yet, the holder class idiom. For JavaScript in environments with true parallelism (like Node.js with worker threads), use appropriate locking mechanisms like mutexes.

Blocking UI Thread During Lazy Loading

Anti-Pattern

Java Example (JavaFX):

public class ImageViewer extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        Button loadButton = new Button("Load High-Res Image");
        ImageView imageView = new ImageView();
        
        loadButton.setOnAction(event -> {
            // Blocking the UI thread during lazy loading
            Image highResImage = loadHighResolutionImage();
            imageView.setImage(highResImage);
        });
        
        VBox root = new VBox(loadButton, imageView);
        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 800, 600));
        primaryStage.show();
    }
    
    private Image loadHighResolutionImage() {
        // Expensive operation that blocks the UI thread
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000); // Simulating slow image loading
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return new Image("high-res-image.jpg");
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

document.getElementById('loadButton').addEventListener('click', function() {
  // Blocking the main thread during lazy loading
  const largeDataset = loadLargeDataset();
  renderDataToUI(largeDataset);
});

function loadLargeDataset() {
  // Expensive synchronous operation
  console.log('Loading large dataset...');
  const data = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
    data.push({ id: i, value: `Item ${i}` });
  }
  return data;
}

function renderDataToUI(data) {
  const container = document.getElementById('dataContainer');
  data.forEach(item => {
    const div = document.createElement('div');
    div.textContent = item.value;
    container.appendChild(div);
  });
}

Description

This anti-pattern occurs when lazy loading operations are performed on the UI thread, causing the user interface to freeze or become unresponsive during the loading process. This creates a poor user experience, especially when loading large resources or performing time-consuming operations.

Optimization

Java Example (JavaFX):

public class ImageViewer extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        Button loadButton = new Button("Load High-Res Image");
        ImageView imageView = new ImageView();
        ProgressIndicator progressIndicator = new ProgressIndicator();
        progressIndicator.setVisible(false);
        
        loadButton.setOnAction(event -> {
            // Show progress indicator
            progressIndicator.setVisible(true);
            loadButton.setDisable(true);
            
            // Load image in background thread
            Task<Image> loadTask = new Task<>() {
                @Override
                protected Image call() throws Exception {
                    // Expensive operation now runs in background
                    Thread.sleep(3000); // Simulating slow image loading
                    return new Image("high-res-image.jpg");
                }
            };
            
            // Update UI when complete (on UI thread)
            loadTask.setOnSucceeded(e -> {
                imageView.setImage(loadTask.getValue());
                progressIndicator.setVisible(false);
                loadButton.setDisable(false);
            });
            
            // Start the background task
            new Thread(loadTask).start();
        });
        
        VBox root = new VBox(loadButton, progressIndicator, imageView);
        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 800, 600));
        primaryStage.show();
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

document.getElementById('loadButton').addEventListener('click', function() {
  // Show loading indicator
  const loadingIndicator = document.getElementById('loadingIndicator');
  loadingIndicator.style.display = 'block';
  document.getElementById('loadButton').disabled = true;
  
  // Use setTimeout to move the operation off the main thread
  setTimeout(() => {
    // For more complex operations, consider using Web Workers
    const largeDataset = loadLargeDataset();
    
    // Update UI after data is loaded
    renderDataToUI(largeDataset);
    loadingIndicator.style.display = 'none';
    document.getElementById('loadButton').disabled = false;
  }, 0);
});

// For even better performance, use a Web Worker
function loadWithWebWorker() {
  const worker = new Worker('data-loader.js');
  
  worker.onmessage = function(e) {
    renderDataToUI(e.data);
    document.getElementById('loadingIndicator').style.display = 'none';
    document.getElementById('loadButton').disabled = false;
  };
  
  worker.postMessage('start');
}

// data-loader.js (Web Worker)
// self.onmessage = function() {
//   const data = [];
//   for (let i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
//     data.push({ id: i, value: `Item ${i}` });
//   }
//   self.postMessage(data);
// };

Perform lazy loading operations in background threads or asynchronously to keep the UI responsive. In Java, use Task or CompletableFuture for background operations. In JavaScript, use asynchronous patterns like Promises, async/await, or Web Workers for computationally intensive tasks. Always provide visual feedback to users during loading operations.

Redundant Lazy Loading Checks

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class ConfigurationManager {
    private Map<String, Object> configCache;
    
    public Object getConfig(String key) {
        // Redundant check for initialization on every call
        if (configCache == null) {
            configCache = new HashMap<>();
        }
        
        // Redundant check for the specific config on every call
        if (!configCache.containsKey(key)) {
            // Load from disk or network
            Object config = loadConfigFromSource(key);
            configCache.put(key, config);
        }
        
        return configCache.get(key);
    }
    
    private Object loadConfigFromSource(String key) {
        // Expensive operation to load config
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500); // Simulating I/O or network delay
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "Config value for " + key;
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

class ResourceLoader {
  constructor() {
    // Cache is not initialized in constructor
  }
  
  getResource(resourceId) {
    // Redundant initialization check on every call
    if (!this.resourceCache) {
      this.resourceCache = {};
    }
    
    // Redundant resource check on every call
    if (!this.resourceCache[resourceId]) {
      console.log(`Loading resource ${resourceId}...`);
      // Expensive operation
      this.resourceCache[resourceId] = this.fetchResourceFromServer(resourceId);
    }
    
    return this.resourceCache[resourceId];
  }
  
  fetchResourceFromServer(resourceId) {
    // Simulate server request
    return { id: resourceId, data: `Data for ${resourceId}` };
  }
}

const loader = new ResourceLoader();
// Every call to getResource performs redundant checks
const resource1 = loader.getResource('resource1');
const resource2 = loader.getResource('resource2');

Description

This anti-pattern involves performing redundant initialization checks on every access to a lazily loaded resource. While the resource itself may be properly lazy-loaded, the repeated checks can add unnecessary overhead, especially in frequently accessed code paths.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class ConfigurationManager {
    // Initialize the cache in the constructor
    private final Map<String, Object> configCache = new HashMap<>();
    
    public Object getConfig(String key) {
        // Only check for the specific config, not for cache initialization
        if (!configCache.containsKey(key)) {
            // Load from disk or network
            Object config = loadConfigFromSource(key);
            configCache.put(key, config);
        }
        
        return configCache.get(key);
    }
    
    private Object loadConfigFromSource(String key) {
        // Expensive operation to load config
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500); // Simulating I/O or network delay
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "Config value for " + key;
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

class ResourceLoader {
  constructor() {
    // Initialize the cache in the constructor
    this.resourceCache = {};
  }
  
  getResource(resourceId) {
    // Only check for the specific resource
    if (!this.resourceCache[resourceId]) {
      console.log(`Loading resource ${resourceId}...`);
      // Expensive operation
      this.resourceCache[resourceId] = this.fetchResourceFromServer(resourceId);
    }
    
    return this.resourceCache[resourceId];
  }
  
  fetchResourceFromServer(resourceId) {
    // Simulate server request
    return { id: resourceId, data: `Data for ${resourceId}` };
  }
}

const loader = new ResourceLoader();
// Cache is already initialized, only resource check is performed
const resource1 = loader.getResource('resource1');
const resource2 = loader.getResource('resource2');

Initialize data structures in constructors or during first access, then only check for specific resources in subsequent calls. This reduces the number of redundant checks and improves performance in frequently accessed code paths. For singleton patterns, consider using initialization-on-demand holder idiom in Java or module patterns in JavaScript.

Lazy Loading Without Timeout or Circuit Breaker

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class RemoteResourceLoader {
    public Resource loadResource(String resourceId) {
        try {
            // Lazy loading from remote server without timeout
            URL url = new URL("https://api.example.com/resources/" + resourceId);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            
            // No timeout set - could hang indefinitely
            try (InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream()) {
                // Parse the response
                return parseResource(inputStream);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
    
    private Resource parseResource(InputStream inputStream) {
        // Parsing logic
        return new Resource();
    }
    
    class Resource {
        // Resource implementation
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

function fetchUserData(userId) {
  // Lazy loading from API without timeout or error handling
  return fetch(`https://api.example.com/users/${userId}`)
    .then(response => response.json())
    .then(data => {
      // Process and return the data
      return data;
    });
  // No timeout, no retry logic, no circuit breaker
}

// Usage
fetchUserData('user123')
  .then(userData => {
    // Use the user data
    console.log(userData);
  })
  .catch(error => {
    console.error('Error fetching user data:', error);
  });

Description

This anti-pattern involves implementing lazy loading for remote resources without proper timeout handling or circuit breaker patterns. This can lead to application hangs or degraded performance when remote services are slow or unresponsive, potentially affecting the entire application.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class RemoteResourceLoader {
    // Circuit breaker state
    private boolean circuitOpen = false;
    private long circuitResetTime = 0;
    private int failureCount = 0;
    private static final int FAILURE_THRESHOLD = 3;
    private static final long CIRCUIT_RESET_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000; // 1 minute
    
    public Resource loadResource(String resourceId) {
        // Check if circuit breaker is open
        if (circuitOpen) {
            if (System.currentTimeMillis() < circuitResetTime) {
                // Circuit is open, fail fast
                System.out.println("Circuit breaker open, returning fallback resource");
                return getFallbackResource(resourceId);
            } else {
                // Try to reset the circuit
                circuitOpen = false;
                failureCount = 0;
            }
        }
        
        try {
            URL url = new URL("https://api.example.com/resources/" + resourceId);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            
            // Set timeouts
            connection.setConnectTimeout(5000); // 5 seconds for connection
            connection.setReadTimeout(10000);   // 10 seconds for read
            
            try (InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream()) {
                // Parse the response
                Resource resource = parseResource(inputStream);
                // Reset failure count on success
                failureCount = 0;
                return resource;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            // Increment failure count
            failureCount++;
            
            // Check if we should open the circuit
            if (failureCount >= FAILURE_THRESHOLD) {
                circuitOpen = true;
                circuitResetTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + CIRCUIT_RESET_TIMEOUT_MS;
                System.out.println("Circuit breaker tripped, will reset after " + CIRCUIT_RESET_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
            }
            
            return getFallbackResource(resourceId);
        }
    }
    
    private Resource getFallbackResource(String resourceId) {
        // Return cached or default resource
        return new Resource();
    }
    
    private Resource parseResource(InputStream inputStream) {
        // Parsing logic
        return new Resource();
    }
    
    class Resource {
        // Resource implementation
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

// Simple circuit breaker implementation
class CircuitBreaker {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.failureThreshold = options.failureThreshold || 3;
    this.resetTimeout = options.resetTimeout || 30000; // 30 seconds
    this.isOpen = false;
    this.failureCount = 0;
    this.resetTime = 0;
  }
  
  async execute(fn, fallbackFn) {
    if (this.isOpen) {
      if (Date.now() < this.resetTime) {
        console.log('Circuit is open, executing fallback');
        return fallbackFn();
      }
      // Try to reset the circuit
      this.isOpen = false;
      this.failureCount = 0;
    }
    
    try {
      // Execute with timeout
      const result = await Promise.race([
        fn(),
        new Promise((_, reject) => 
          setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('Operation timed out')), 5000)
        )
      ]);
      
      // Reset failure count on success
      this.failureCount = 0;
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      this.failureCount++;
      console.error(`Operation failed: ${error.message}`);
      
      if (this.failureCount >= this.failureThreshold) {
        this.isOpen = true;
        this.resetTime = Date.now() + this.resetTimeout;
        console.log(`Circuit opened, will reset after ${this.resetTimeout}ms`);
      }
      
      return fallbackFn();
    }
  }
}

// Usage
const userDataCircuit = new CircuitBreaker();

function fetchUserData(userId) {
  return userDataCircuit.execute(
    // Main function with timeout
    async () => {
      const response = await fetch(`https://api.example.com/users/${userId}`);
      if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
      }
      return response.json();
    },
    // Fallback function
    () => {
      console.log('Using cached or default user data');
      return getCachedUserData(userId) || { id: userId, name: 'Unknown', isDefault: true };
    }
  );
}

function getCachedUserData(userId) {
  // Return cached data if available
  return null; // Implement cache lookup
}

Implement proper timeout handling and circuit breaker patterns when lazy loading remote resources. Set appropriate connection and read timeouts, implement retry logic with exponential backoff for transient failures, and use circuit breakers to fail fast when remote services are consistently unresponsive. Always provide fallback mechanisms to ensure the application remains functional even when remote resources are unavailable.

Inefficient Dependency Chain in Lazy Loading

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class ModuleManager {
    private Module moduleA;
    private Module moduleB;
    private Module moduleC;
    
    public Module getModuleA() {
        if (moduleA == null) {
            moduleA = new ModuleA();
        }
        return moduleA;
    }
    
    public Module getModuleB() {
        if (moduleB == null) {
            // ModuleB depends on ModuleA
            Module a = getModuleA();
            moduleB = new ModuleB(a);
        }
        return moduleB;
    }
    
    public Module getModuleC() {
        if (moduleC == null) {
            // ModuleC depends on ModuleB which depends on ModuleA
            // This creates a chain of lazy loading
            Module b = getModuleB();
            moduleC = new ModuleC(b);
        }
        return moduleC;
    }
}

class ModuleA implements Module {
    public ModuleA() {
        // Expensive initialization
        try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
    }
}

class ModuleB implements Module {
    public ModuleB(Module dependency) {
        // Expensive initialization
        try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
    }
}

class ModuleC implements Module {
    public ModuleC(Module dependency) {
        // Expensive initialization
        try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
    }
}

interface Module {}

JavaScript Example:

class AppModules {
  getModuleA() {
    if (!this.moduleA) {
      console.log('Initializing Module A');
      // Expensive initialization
      this.moduleA = { name: 'Module A' };
    }
    return this.moduleA;
  }
  
  getModuleB() {
    if (!this.moduleB) {
      // ModuleB depends on ModuleA
      const moduleA = this.getModuleA();
      console.log('Initializing Module B');
      // Expensive initialization
      this.moduleB = { name: 'Module B', dependency: moduleA };
    }
    return this.moduleB;
  }
  
  getModuleC() {
    if (!this.moduleC) {
      // ModuleC depends on ModuleB which depends on ModuleA
      // This creates a chain of lazy loading
      const moduleB = this.getModuleB();
      console.log('Initializing Module C');
      // Expensive initialization
      this.moduleC = { name: 'Module C', dependency: moduleB };
    }
    return this.moduleC;
  }
}

// When moduleC is requested, it triggers the entire chain
const app = new AppModules();
const moduleC = app.getModuleC(); // Initializes A, B, and C in sequence

Description

This anti-pattern occurs when lazy-loaded components form a long dependency chain, where each component depends on another lazy-loaded component. When a component at the end of the chain is requested, it triggers sequential initialization of all dependencies, leading to cascading delays and poor user experience.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class ModuleManager {
    private Module moduleA;
    private Module moduleB;
    private Module moduleC;
    private final Map<String, CompletableFuture<Module>> moduleInitTasks = new HashMap<>();
    
    public ModuleManager() {
        // Pre-initialize futures for all modules
        moduleInitTasks.put("A", new CompletableFuture<>());
        moduleInitTasks.put("B", new CompletableFuture<>());
        moduleInitTasks.put("C", new CompletableFuture<>());
    }
    
    public CompletableFuture<Module> getModuleA() {
        CompletableFuture<Module> future = moduleInitTasks.get("A");
        if (!future.isDone()) {
            // Initialize asynchronously if not already done
            CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
                moduleA = new ModuleA();
                future.complete(moduleA);
            });
        }
        return future;
    }
    
    public CompletableFuture<Module> getModuleB() {
        CompletableFuture<Module> future = moduleInitTasks.get("B");
        if (!future.isDone()) {
            // Start initializing A if needed, then initialize B when A is ready
            getModuleA().thenAcceptAsync(a -> {
                moduleB = new ModuleB(a);
                future.complete(moduleB);
            });
        }
        return future;
    }
    
    public CompletableFuture<Module> getModuleC() {
        CompletableFuture<Module> future = moduleInitTasks.get("C");
        if (!future.isDone()) {
            // Start initializing B if needed, then initialize C when B is ready
            getModuleB().thenAcceptAsync(b -> {
                moduleC = new ModuleC(b);
                future.complete(moduleC);
            });
        }
        return future;
    }
    
    // For eager initialization of the entire chain
    public void preloadAllModules() {
        getModuleC(); // This will trigger initialization of A, B, and C in parallel where possible
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

class AppModules {
  constructor() {
    // Initialize promises for all modules
    this.modulePromises = {
      A: null,
      B: null,
      C: null
    };
  }
  
  getModuleA() {
    if (!this.modulePromises.A) {
      this.modulePromises.A = new Promise(resolve => {
        console.log('Initializing Module A');
        // Simulate async initialization
        setTimeout(() => {
          const moduleA = { name: 'Module A' };
          resolve(moduleA);
        }, 100);
      });
    }
    return this.modulePromises.A;
  }
  
  getModuleB() {
    if (!this.modulePromises.B) {
      // Start loading A if not already loading
      const moduleAPromise = this.getModuleA();
      
      this.modulePromises.B = moduleAPromise.then(moduleA => {
        console.log('Initializing Module B');
        // Simulate async initialization
        return new Promise(resolve => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            const moduleB = { name: 'Module B', dependency: moduleA };
            resolve(moduleB);
          }, 100);
        });
      });
    }
    return this.modulePromises.B;
  }
  
  getModuleC() {
    if (!this.modulePromises.C) {
      // Start loading B if not already loading
      const moduleBPromise = this.getModuleB();
      
      this.modulePromises.C = moduleBPromise.then(moduleB => {
        console.log('Initializing Module C');
        // Simulate async initialization
        return new Promise(resolve => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            const moduleC = { name: 'Module C', dependency: moduleB };
            resolve(moduleC);
          }, 100);
        });
      });
    }
    return this.modulePromises.C;
  }
  
  // For eager initialization of the entire chain
  preloadAllModules() {
    this.getModuleC(); // This will trigger initialization of A, B, and C
    return this.modulePromises.C; // Return the promise for module C
  }
}

// Usage
const app = new AppModules();

// Option 1: Preload all modules at an appropriate time
app.preloadAllModules().then(moduleC => {
  console.log('All modules loaded');
});

// Option 2: Load on demand with better parallelization
app.getModuleC().then(moduleC => {
  console.log('Module C and dependencies loaded');
});

Use asynchronous initialization with promises or futures to parallelize the loading of dependencies where possible. Implement a dependency graph to manage initialization order and dependencies. Consider preloading critical modules during application idle time. For complex dependency chains, use a dedicated dependency injection framework that supports lazy loading and asynchronous initialization.

Lazy Loading Without Progress Indication

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class ImageGalleryApp extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        GridPane gallery = new GridPane();
        Button loadGalleryBtn = new Button("Load Gallery");
        
        loadGalleryBtn.setOnAction(event -> {
            // User clicks button, but gets no feedback that loading has started
            loadGalleryBtn.setDisable(true);
            
            // Lazy loading high-resolution images without progress indication
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                ImageView imageView = new ImageView();
                gallery.add(imageView, i % 4, i / 4);
                
                // Load high-res image (blocking or in background, but no progress shown)
                Image image = new Image("https://example.com/gallery/image" + i + ".jpg", true);
                imageView.setImage(image);
            }
            
            loadGalleryBtn.setDisable(false);
        });
        
        VBox root = new VBox(loadGalleryBtn, gallery);
        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 800, 600));
        primaryStage.show();
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

document.getElementById('loadDataButton').addEventListener('click', function() {
  // Disable button without any other feedback
  this.disabled = true;
  
  // Lazy load large dataset without progress indication
  fetch('https://api.example.com/large-dataset')
    .then(response => response.json())
    .then(data => {
      // Process data and update UI
      renderDataTable(data);
      this.disabled = false;
    })
    .catch(error => {
      console.error('Error loading data:', error);
      this.disabled = false;
    });
});

function renderDataTable(data) {
  const container = document.getElementById('dataContainer');
  // Render potentially thousands of rows
  data.forEach(item => {
    const row = document.createElement('tr');
    // Add cells to row
    row.innerHTML = `<td>${item.id}</td><td>${item.name}</td><td>${item.value}</td>`;
    container.appendChild(row);
  });
}

Description

This anti-pattern occurs when implementing lazy loading without providing any visual feedback to users. When users trigger a lazy loading operation, they have no indication that the system is working, how long the operation might take, or if it has failed. This creates a poor user experience and can lead to users repeatedly triggering the same operation, thinking the system is unresponsive.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class ImageGalleryApp extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        GridPane gallery = new GridPane();
        Button loadGalleryBtn = new Button("Load Gallery");
        ProgressBar progressBar = new ProgressBar(0);
        Label statusLabel = new Label("Ready");
        progressBar.setVisible(false);
        
        loadGalleryBtn.setOnAction(event -> {
            // Show progress indicators
            loadGalleryBtn.setDisable(true);
            progressBar.setVisible(true);
            statusLabel.setText("Loading gallery...");
            
            // Create a background task for loading
            Task<List<Image>> loadTask = new Task<>() {
                @Override
                protected List<Image> call() throws Exception {
                    List<Image> images = new ArrayList<>();
                    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                        // Update progress as each image loads
                        updateProgress(i, 20);
                        updateMessage("Loading image " + (i+1) + " of 20");
                        
                        // Load high-res image
                        Image image = new Image("https://example.com/gallery/image" + i + ".jpg", true);
                        images.add(image);
                    }
                    return images;
                }
            };
            
            // Bind UI elements to task progress
            progressBar.progressProperty().bind(loadTask.progressProperty());
            statusLabel.textProperty().bind(loadTask.messageProperty());
            
            // Handle task completion
            loadTask.setOnSucceeded(e -> {
                List<Image> loadedImages = loadTask.getValue();
                int index = 0;
                for (Image image : loadedImages) {
                    ImageView imageView = new ImageView(image);
                    gallery.add(imageView, index % 4, index / 4);
                    index++;
                }
                
                // Reset UI
                progressBar.setVisible(false);
                statusLabel.setText("Gallery loaded successfully");
                loadGalleryBtn.setDisable(false);
                
                // Unbind properties
                progressBar.progressProperty().unbind();
                statusLabel.textProperty().unbind();
            });
            
            // Handle task failure
            loadTask.setOnFailed(e -> {
                statusLabel.textProperty().unbind();
                statusLabel.setText("Failed to load gallery: " + loadTask.getException().getMessage());
                progressBar.setVisible(false);
                loadGalleryBtn.setDisable(false);
            });
            
            // Start the background task
            new Thread(loadTask).start();
        });
        
        VBox root = new VBox(10, loadGalleryBtn, progressBar, statusLabel, gallery);
        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 800, 600));
        primaryStage.show();
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

document.getElementById('loadDataButton').addEventListener('click', function() {
  const button = this;
  const progressBar = document.getElementById('progressBar');
  const statusText = document.getElementById('statusText');
  
  // Show progress indicators
  button.disabled = true;
  progressBar.style.display = 'block';
  progressBar.value = 0;
  statusText.textContent = 'Fetching data...';
  
  // Fetch with progress if browser supports it
  if (window.fetch && 'body' in Response.prototype) {
    fetchWithProgress('https://api.example.com/large-dataset')
      .then(data => {
        statusText.textContent = 'Processing data...';
        return data.json();
      })
      .then(data => {
        // Process data and update UI with chunked rendering
        renderDataTableInChunks(data, () => {
          // Complete UI update
          button.disabled = false;
          progressBar.style.display = 'none';
          statusText.textContent = 'Data loaded successfully';
        });
      })
      .catch(error => {
        console.error('Error loading data:', error);
        statusText.textContent = `Error: ${error.message}`;
        button.disabled = false;
        progressBar.style.display = 'none';
      });
  } else {
    // Fallback for browsers without fetch streaming support
    fetch('https://api.example.com/large-dataset')
      .then(response => {
        statusText.textContent = 'Processing data...';
        return response.json();
      })
      .then(data => {
        renderDataTableInChunks(data, () => {
          button.disabled = false;
          progressBar.style.display = 'none';
          statusText.textContent = 'Data loaded successfully';
        });
      })
      .catch(error => {
        console.error('Error loading data:', error);
        statusText.textContent = `Error: ${error.message}`;
        button.disabled = false;
        progressBar.style.display = 'none';
      });
  }
});

// Fetch with progress reporting
function fetchWithProgress(url) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    const progressBar = document.getElementById('progressBar');
    
    xhr.open('GET', url);
    xhr.onprogress = function(event) {
      if (event.lengthComputable) {
        const percentComplete = (event.loaded / event.total) * 100;
        progressBar.value = percentComplete;
      }
    };
    xhr.onload = function() {
      if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
        resolve(new Response(xhr.response));
      } else {
        reject(new Error(`HTTP Error: ${xhr.status}`));
      }
    };
    xhr.onerror = function() {
      reject(new Error('Network Error'));
    };
    xhr.send();
  });
}

// Render large datasets in chunks to avoid UI freezing
function renderDataTableInChunks(data, onComplete) {
  const container = document.getElementById('dataContainer');
  const chunkSize = 100; // Process 100 items at a time
  const totalItems = data.length;
  let processedItems = 0;
  
  function processChunk() {
    const chunk = data.slice(processedItems, processedItems + chunkSize);
    const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
    
    chunk.forEach(item => {
      const row = document.createElement('tr');
      row.innerHTML = `<td>${item.id}</td><td>${item.name}</td><td>${item.value}</td>`;
      fragment.appendChild(row);
    });
    
    container.appendChild(fragment);
    processedItems += chunk.length;
    
    // Update progress
    const progressBar = document.getElementById('progressBar');
    progressBar.value = (processedItems / totalItems) * 100;
    document.getElementById('statusText').textContent = 
      `Rendering data... ${processedItems} of ${totalItems} items`;
    
    if (processedItems < totalItems) {
      // Schedule next chunk with requestAnimationFrame for better UI responsiveness
      window.requestAnimationFrame(processChunk);
    } else {
      onComplete();
    }
  }
  
  // Start processing the first chunk
  window.requestAnimationFrame(processChunk);
}

Always provide clear visual feedback during lazy loading operations. Use progress bars, spinners, or status messages to indicate that the system is working. For operations with known size or duration, show percentage-based progress. For unknown durations, use indeterminate progress indicators. Process large datasets in chunks to maintain UI responsiveness, and provide meaningful error messages if loading fails. Consider implementing skeleton screens for content that is being loaded to improve perceived performance.

Recursive Lazy Loading

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class RecursiveTreeLoader {
    public TreeNode loadTree(int nodeId) {
        // Load the current node
        TreeNode node = loadNodeFromDatabase(nodeId);
        
        // Recursively load all children immediately
        List<Integer> childIds = getChildNodeIds(nodeId);
        for (Integer childId : childIds) {
            TreeNode childNode = loadTree(childId); // Recursive call
            node.addChild(childNode);
        }
        
        return node;
    }
    
    private TreeNode loadNodeFromDatabase(int nodeId) {
        // Simulate database access
        try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        return new TreeNode(nodeId, "Node " + nodeId);
    }
    
    private List<Integer> getChildNodeIds(int nodeId) {
        // Simulate database query for child IDs
        List<Integer> childIds = new ArrayList<>();
        // Each node has 3 children (except leaf nodes)
        if (nodeId < 100) { // Limit depth to avoid excessive recursion
            childIds.add(nodeId * 3 + 1);
            childIds.add(nodeId * 3 + 2);
            childIds.add(nodeId * 3 + 3);
        }
        return childIds;
    }
    
    public static class TreeNode {
        private final int id;
        private final String name;
        private final List<TreeNode> children = new ArrayList<>();
        
        public TreeNode(int id, String name) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
        }
        
        public void addChild(TreeNode child) {
            children.add(child);
        }
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

class RecursiveMenuLoader {
  constructor() {
    this.apiBaseUrl = 'https://api.example.com/menu';
  }
  
  async loadMenu(menuId) {
    // Load the current menu item
    const menuItem = await this.fetchMenuItem(menuId);
    
    // Recursively load all submenu items immediately
    if (menuItem.hasSubmenus) {
      menuItem.submenus = [];
      for (const submenuId of menuItem.submenuIds) {
        // Recursive call - each submenu loads its own submenus
        const submenuItem = await this.loadMenu(submenuId);
        menuItem.submenus.push(submenuItem);
      }
    }
    
    return menuItem;
  }
  
  async fetchMenuItem(menuId) {
    // Simulate API call
    console.log(`Fetching menu item ${menuId}`);
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        // Generate some submenu IDs for non-leaf items
        const hasSubmenus = menuId < 100; // Limit depth
        const submenuIds = hasSubmenus 
          ? [menuId * 2, menuId * 2 + 1] // Each menu has 2 submenus
          : [];
        
        resolve({
          id: menuId,
          name: `Menu Item ${menuId}`,
          hasSubmenus,
          submenuIds
        });
      }, 100); // Simulate network delay
    });
  }
}

// Usage
const menuLoader = new RecursiveMenuLoader();
menuLoader.loadMenu(1).then(rootMenu => {
  console.log('Entire menu structure loaded');
  // By now, the entire menu tree has been loaded recursively
});

Description

This anti-pattern occurs when lazy loading is implemented recursively without proper boundaries or pagination. In hierarchical data structures like trees or nested menus, each node triggers the loading of all its children, which in turn load their children, and so on. This can lead to an explosion of network requests, excessive memory consumption, and poor performance, especially for deep or wide hierarchies.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class LazyTreeLoader {
    // Cache to avoid reloading the same nodes
    private final Map<Integer, TreeNode> nodeCache = new HashMap<>();
    
    public TreeNode loadTreeLevel(int rootNodeId, int maxDepth) {
        return loadTreeLevelRecursive(rootNodeId, 0, maxDepth);
    }
    
    private TreeNode loadTreeLevelRecursive(int nodeId, int currentDepth, int maxDepth) {
        // Check cache first
        if (nodeCache.containsKey(nodeId)) {
            return nodeCache.get(nodeId);
        }
        
        // Load the current node
        TreeNode node = loadNodeFromDatabase(nodeId);
        nodeCache.put(nodeId, node);
        
        // Only load children if we haven't reached max depth
        if (currentDepth < maxDepth) {
            List<Integer> childIds = getChildNodeIds(nodeId);
            for (Integer childId : childIds) {
                TreeNode childNode = loadTreeLevelRecursive(childId, currentDepth + 1, maxDepth);
                node.addChild(childNode);
            }
        } else if (currentDepth == maxDepth) {
            // At max depth, just check if there are children but don't load them
            List<Integer> childIds = getChildNodeIds(nodeId);
            if (!childIds.isEmpty()) {
                node.setHasMoreChildren(true);
            }
        }
        
        return node;
    }
    
    // Method to load additional levels on demand
    public void expandNode(TreeNode parentNode, int nodeId, int additionalLevels) {
        if (parentNode.hasMoreChildren()) {
            List<Integer> childIds = getChildNodeIds(nodeId);
            for (Integer childId : childIds) {
                TreeNode childNode = loadTreeLevelRecursive(childId, 0, additionalLevels);
                parentNode.addChild(childNode);
            }
            parentNode.setHasMoreChildren(false);
        }
    }
    
    private TreeNode loadNodeFromDatabase(int nodeId) {
        // Simulate database access
        try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        return new TreeNode(nodeId, "Node " + nodeId);
    }
    
    private List<Integer> getChildNodeIds(int nodeId) {
        // Simulate database query for child IDs
        List<Integer> childIds = new ArrayList<>();
        // Each node has 3 children (except leaf nodes)
        if (nodeId < 100) { // Limit depth to avoid excessive recursion
            childIds.add(nodeId * 3 + 1);
            childIds.add(nodeId * 3 + 2);
            childIds.add(nodeId * 3 + 3);
        }
        return childIds;
    }
    
    public static class TreeNode {
        private final int id;
        private final String name;
        private final List<TreeNode> children = new ArrayList<>();
        private boolean hasMoreChildren;
        
        public TreeNode(int id, String name) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.hasMoreChildren = false;
        }
        
        public void addChild(TreeNode child) {
            children.add(child);
        }
        
        public boolean hasMoreChildren() {
            return hasMoreChildren;
        }
        
        public void setHasMoreChildren(boolean hasMoreChildren) {
            this.hasMoreChildren = hasMoreChildren;
        }
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

class LazyMenuLoader {
  constructor() {
    this.apiBaseUrl = 'https://api.example.com/menu';
    this.menuCache = new Map(); // Cache to avoid reloading items
  }
  
  async loadMenuLevel(menuId, maxDepth = 1) {
    return this.loadMenuLevelRecursive(menuId, 0, maxDepth);
  }
  
  async loadMenuLevelRecursive(menuId, currentDepth, maxDepth) {
    // Check cache first
    if (this.menuCache.has(menuId)) {
      return this.menuCache.get(menuId);
    }
    
    // Load the current menu item
    const menuItem = await this.fetchMenuItem(menuId);
    this.menuCache.set(menuId, menuItem);
    
    // Only load submenus if we haven't reached max depth
    if (currentDepth < maxDepth && menuItem.hasSubmenus) {
      menuItem.submenus = [];
      menuItem.loadedAllSubmenus = true;
      
      // Load all submenus for this level in parallel
      const submenuPromises = menuItem.submenuIds.map(submenuId => 
        this.loadMenuLevelRecursive(submenuId, currentDepth + 1, maxDepth)
      );
      
      const submenuItems = await Promise.all(submenuPromises);
      menuItem.submenus = submenuItems;
    } else if (currentDepth === maxDepth && menuItem.hasSubmenus) {
      // At max depth, indicate there are more items but don't load them
      menuItem.submenus = [];
      menuItem.loadedAllSubmenus = false;
    }
    
    return menuItem;
  }
  
  // Method to expand a node on demand
  async expandMenuItem(menuItem, additionalLevels = 1) {
    if (menuItem.hasSubmenus && !menuItem.loadedAllSubmenus) {
      const submenuPromises = menuItem.submenuIds.map(submenuId => 
        this.loadMenuLevelRecursive(submenuId, 0, additionalLevels)
      );
      
      const submenuItems = await Promise.all(submenuPromises);
      menuItem.submenus = submenuItems;
      menuItem.loadedAllSubmenus = true;
      return menuItem;
    }
    return menuItem;
  }
  
  async fetchMenuItem(menuId) {
    // Simulate API call
    console.log(`Fetching menu item ${menuId}`);
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        // Generate some submenu IDs for non-leaf items
        const hasSubmenus = menuId < 100; // Limit depth
        const submenuIds = hasSubmenus 
          ? [menuId * 2, menuId * 2 + 1] // Each menu has 2 submenus
          : [];
        
        resolve({
          id: menuId,
          name: `Menu Item ${menuId}`,
          hasSubmenus,
          submenuIds
        });
      }, 100); // Simulate network delay
    });
  }
}

// Usage
const menuLoader = new LazyMenuLoader();

// Initial load - only first level
menuLoader.loadMenuLevel(1, 1).then(rootMenu => {
  console.log('First level loaded');
  renderMenu(rootMenu);
  
  // When user expands a submenu, load its children
  function handleMenuExpand(menuItem) {
    menuLoader.expandMenuItem(menuItem, 1).then(updatedItem => {
      console.log(`Expanded menu item ${updatedItem.id}`);
      updateMenuDisplay(updatedItem);
    });
  }
});

Optimization Strategies

Implement Level-Based Loading: Load hierarchical data one level at a time instead of recursively loading the entire tree.
Use Pagination: For nodes with many children, implement pagination to load children in batches.
Cache Loaded Nodes: Maintain a cache of already loaded nodes to avoid redundant loading.
Implement Expand/Collapse Functionality: Allow users to explicitly expand nodes they’re interested in, rather than automatically loading everything.
Use Asynchronous Loading with Promises/Futures: Load child nodes asynchronously to avoid blocking the UI thread.
Implement Virtual Scrolling: For large lists or trees, only render the visible portion and load more items as the user scrolls.
Set Maximum Depth: Establish a maximum depth for automatic loading to prevent excessive recursion.
Batch Network Requests: Combine multiple requests into a single batch request when possible to reduce network overhead.

By implementing these strategies, you can maintain the benefits of lazy loading while avoiding the performance pitfalls of unbounded recursive loading.

Lazy Loading Without Fallback Mechanism

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class ImageLoader {
    public Image loadImage(String url) {
        try {
            // Attempt to load the image from the network
            return new Image(url);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // No fallback mechanism, just propagate the error
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load image: " + url, e);
        }
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

function loadUserProfile(userId) {
  // Attempt to load user profile with no fallback
  return fetch(`https://api.example.com/users/${userId}`)
    .then(response => {
      if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
      }
      return response.json();
    });
}

// Usage
loadUserProfile('user123')
  .then(profile => {
    displayUserProfile(profile);
  })
  .catch(error => {
    // Just show an error message, no fallback content
    showErrorMessage(`Failed to load profile: ${error.message}`);
  });

Description

This anti-pattern occurs when lazy loading is implemented without proper fallback mechanisms. When the lazy-loaded resource fails to load (due to network issues, server errors, or other problems), the application has no alternative content to display, resulting in a degraded or broken user experience.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class ImageLoader {
    // Cache for previously loaded images
    private final Map<String, Image> imageCache = new HashMap<>();
    // Default placeholder image
    private final Image placeholderImage = new Image("placeholder.png");
    
    public Image loadImage(String url) {
        // First check the cache
        if (imageCache.containsKey(url)) {
            return imageCache.get(url);
        }
        
        try {
            // Attempt to load from network
            Image image = new Image(url, true); // Load in background
            
            // Add listener to handle loading errors
            image.errorProperty().addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> {
                if (newValue) {
                    System.err.println("Failed to load image: " + url);
                    // Replace with placeholder in cache
                    imageCache.put(url, placeholderImage);
                }
            });
            
            // Add to cache when successfully loaded
            image.progressProperty().addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue) -> {
                if (newValue.doubleValue() == 1.0) {
                    imageCache.put(url, image);
                }
            });
            
            // Return placeholder while loading
            return placeholderImage;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Error initializing image load: " + e.getMessage());
            // Return placeholder on error
            return placeholderImage;
        }
    }
    
    // Method to preload important images
    public void preloadImages(List<String> urls) {
        for (String url : urls) {
            // Start loading in background
            loadImage(url);
        }
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

// Cache for user profiles
const profileCache = new Map();

// Default profile data
const defaultProfile = {
  id: 'unknown',
  name: 'Guest User',
  avatar: '/images/default-avatar.png',
  isDefault: true
};

function loadUserProfile(userId) {
  // First check the cache
  if (profileCache.has(userId)) {
    return Promise.resolve(profileCache.get(userId));
  }
  
  // Set a timeout to ensure the request doesn't hang indefinitely
  return Promise.race([
    fetch(`https://api.example.com/users/${userId}`)
      .then(response => {
        if (!response.ok) {
          throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
        }
        return response.json();
      })
      .then(profile => {
        // Cache the successfully loaded profile
        profileCache.set(userId, profile);
        return profile;
      }),
    // Timeout after 5 seconds
    new Promise((_, reject) => 
      setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('Request timed out')), 5000)
    )
  ])
  .catch(error => {
    console.error(`Error loading profile for ${userId}:`, error);
    
    // Try to load from localStorage as a secondary fallback
    const cachedProfile = localStorage.getItem(`user_${userId}`);
    if (cachedProfile) {
      try {
        const profile = JSON.parse(cachedProfile);
        return profile;
      } catch (e) {
        console.error('Error parsing cached profile:', e);
      }
    }
    
    // Return default profile as last resort
    return { ...defaultProfile, id: userId };
  });
}

// Usage with fallback handling
function displayUserSection(userId) {
  // Show loading state
  showLoadingIndicator();
  
  loadUserProfile(userId)
    .then(profile => {
      // Check if we got the default profile
      if (profile.isDefault) {
        // Show a retry button along with the default profile
        displayDefaultProfileWithRetry(profile, userId);
      } else {
        // Show the actual profile
        displayUserProfile(profile);
        // Cache in localStorage for offline fallback
        localStorage.setItem(`user_${userId}`, JSON.stringify(profile));
      }
    })
    .finally(() => {
      hideLoadingIndicator();
    });
}

Optimization Strategies

Implement Multiple Fallback Layers: Create a hierarchy of fallback sources - network, cache, local storage, and finally default content.
Use Placeholders: Display placeholder content while the actual content is being loaded.
Cache Successfully Loaded Resources: Store previously loaded resources to avoid repeated loading failures.
Implement Retry Logic: Automatically retry failed loading attempts with exponential backoff.
Provide Degraded Functionality: When a resource can’t be loaded, still provide basic functionality rather than failing completely.
Preload Critical Resources: Identify and preload essential resources during idle time to reduce the chance of loading failures when they’re needed.
Implement Offline Support: Use service workers or other techniques to enable offline functionality.
Monitor and Log Failures: Track loading failures to identify patterns and improve the system.

By implementing proper fallback mechanisms, you can ensure that your application remains functional and provides a good user experience even when lazy loading fails.

Inefficient Lazy Loading Initialization Order

Anti-Pattern

Java Example:

public class ApplicationLoader {
    private Module moduleA;
    private Module moduleB;
    private Module moduleC;
    private Module moduleD;
    
    public void initializeApplication() {
        // Random initialization order without considering dependencies or usage patterns
        moduleC = loadModuleC(); // Rarely used, loaded first
        moduleA = loadModuleA(); // Frequently used, loaded second
        moduleD = loadModuleD(); // Rarely used, loaded third
        moduleB = loadModuleB(); // Frequently used, loaded last
    }
    
    private Module loadModuleA() {
        System.out.println("Loading Module A (frequently used)");
        try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        return new ModuleImpl("A");
    }
    
    private Module loadModuleB() {
        System.out.println("Loading Module B (frequently used)");
        try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        return new ModuleImpl("B");
    }
    
    private Module loadModuleC() {
        System.out.println("Loading Module C (rarely used)");
        try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        return new ModuleImpl("C");
    }
    
    private Module loadModuleD() {
        System.out.println("Loading Module D (rarely used)");
        try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        return new ModuleImpl("D");
    }
    
    private static class ModuleImpl implements Module {
        private final String name;
        
        public ModuleImpl(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    }
    
    private interface Module {}
}

JavaScript Example:

class AppInitializer {
  constructor() {
    // Random initialization order without considering dependencies or usage patterns
    this.initializeComponents();
  }
  
  async initializeComponents() {
    // Inefficient loading order
    await this.loadAnalytics();      // Rarely used, loaded first
    await this.loadUserInterface(); // Critical, loaded second
    await this.loadSettings();      // Frequently used, loaded third
    await this.loadReporting();     // Rarely used, loaded fourth
  }
  
  async loadUserInterface() {
    console.log('Loading UI components (critical)');
    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 500));
    return { name: 'UI Components' };
  }
  
  async loadSettings() {
    console.log('Loading settings (frequently used)');
    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 300));
    return { name: 'Settings' };
  }
  
  async loadAnalytics() {
    console.log('Loading analytics (rarely used)');
    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
    return { name: 'Analytics' };
  }
  
  async loadReporting() {
    console.log('Loading reporting (rarely used)');
    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 800));
    return { name: 'Reporting' };
  }
}

// App initialization
const app = new AppInitializer();
// User has to wait for all components to load before using the app

Description

This anti-pattern occurs when lazy-loaded components are initialized in an inefficient order, without considering their importance, dependencies, or usage patterns. Critical components that users need immediately are loaded after less important ones, leading to poor perceived performance and unnecessary delays in application readiness.

Optimization

Java Example:

public class OptimizedApplicationLoader {
    private Module moduleA; // Frequently used
    private Module moduleB; // Frequently used
    private Module moduleC; // Rarely used
    private Module moduleD; // Rarely used
    
    // Usage statistics to track which modules are actually used
    private final Map<String, Integer> moduleUsage = new HashMap<>();
    
    public void initializeApplication() {
        // Initialize critical modules first
        CompletableFuture<Module> futureA = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(this::loadModuleA);
        CompletableFuture<Module> futureB = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(this::loadModuleB);
        
        // Wait for critical modules to complete
        try {
            moduleA = futureA.get();
            moduleB = futureB.get();
            System.out.println("Critical modules loaded, application is ready for use");
            
            // Start loading non-critical modules in background
            CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(this::loadModuleC)
                .thenAccept(module -> moduleC = module);
            CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(this::loadModuleD)
                .thenAccept(module -> moduleD = module);
        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    // Methods to access modules, with usage tracking
    public Module getModuleA() {
        incrementUsage("A");
        return moduleA;
    }
    
    public Module getModuleB() {
        incrementUsage("B");
        return moduleB;
    }
    
    public Module getModuleC() {
        incrementUsage("C");
        // Lazy load if not already loaded
        if (moduleC == null) {
            moduleC = loadModuleC();
        }
        return moduleC;
    }
    
    public Module getModuleD() {
        incrementUsage("D");
        // Lazy load if not already loaded
        if (moduleD == null) {
            moduleD = loadModuleD();
        }
        return moduleD;
    }
    
    private void incrementUsage(String moduleName) {
        moduleUsage.put(moduleName, moduleUsage.getOrDefault(moduleName, 0) + 1);
    }
    
    // Loading methods (same as before)
    private Module loadModuleA() { /* ... */ }
    private Module loadModuleB() { /* ... */ }
    private Module loadModuleC() { /* ... */ }
    private Module loadModuleD() { /* ... */ }
    
    // Method to optimize loading order for next startup based on usage
    public void saveUsageStatistics() {
        // Save module usage to preferences or file for next startup
        System.out.println("Module usage: " + moduleUsage);
    }
}

JavaScript Example:

class OptimizedAppInitializer {
  constructor() {
    this.components = {};
    this.usageStats = {};
    
    // Load critical components immediately, defer others
    this.initializeCriticalComponents()
      .then(() => {
        console.log('App ready for use with critical components');
        // Load remaining components in background
        this.initializeNonCriticalComponents();
      });
  }
  
  async initializeCriticalComponents() {
    // Load UI and settings in parallel (critical components)
    const [ui, settings] = await Promise.all([
      this.loadUserInterface(),
      this.loadSettings()
    ]);
    
    this.components.ui = ui;
    this.components.settings = settings;
  }
  
  async initializeNonCriticalComponents() {
    // Load non-critical components in background
    // Could prioritize based on previous usage statistics
    Promise.all([
      this.loadAnalytics(),
      this.loadReporting()
    ]).then(([analytics, reporting]) => {
      this.components.analytics = analytics;
      this.components.reporting = reporting;
      console.log('All components loaded');
    });
  }
  
  // Component getters with usage tracking
  getUI() {
    this.trackUsage('ui');
    return this.components.ui;
  }
  
  getSettings() {
    this.trackUsage('settings');
    return this.components.settings;
  }
  
  getAnalytics() {
    this.trackUsage('analytics');
    // Lazy load if not already loaded
    if (!this.components.analytics) {
      this.loadAnalytics().then(analytics => {
        this.components.analytics = analytics;
      });
      return null; // Or return a placeholder
    }
    return this.components.analytics;
  }
  
  getReporting() {
    this.trackUsage('reporting');
    // Lazy load if not already loaded
    if (!this.components.reporting) {
      this.loadReporting().then(reporting => {
        this.components.reporting = reporting;
      });
      return null; // Or return a placeholder
    }
    return this.components.reporting;
  }
  
  trackUsage(componentName) {
    this.usageStats[componentName] = (this.usageStats[componentName] || 0) + 1;
    // Could periodically save to localStorage for future optimization
    if (this.usageStats[componentName] % 10 === 0) {
      localStorage.setItem('componentUsage', JSON.stringify(this.usageStats));
    }
  }
  
  // Loading methods (same as before)
  async loadUserInterface() { /* ... */ }
  async loadSettings() { /* ... */ }
  async loadAnalytics() { /* ... */ }
  async loadReporting() { /* ... */ }
}

// App initialization
const app = new OptimizedAppInitializer();
// App is usable as soon as critical components are loaded

Optimization Strategies

Prioritize Critical Components: Load essential components first to make the application usable as quickly as possible.
Use Parallel Loading: Load independent components in parallel to reduce overall initialization time.
Defer Non-Critical Components: Load non-essential components after the application is ready for use.
Track Usage Patterns: Monitor which components are used most frequently and prioritize them in future loading sequences.
Consider Dependencies: Load components in an order that respects their dependencies to avoid blocking.
Implement Predictive Loading: Use analytics to predict which components users are likely to need next and preload them.
Adapt to User Behavior: Customize loading order based on individual user behavior patterns.
Provide Visual Feedback: Show loading progress for critical components to improve perceived performance.

By optimizing the initialization order of lazy-loaded components, you can significantly improve application startup time and user experience, ensuring that the most important functionality is available as quickly as possible.

Introduction

Getting Started

Axon APIs

Cortex Features

Patterns

Integrations

Enterprise

​Lazy Loading Issues

​Anti-Pattern

​Description

​Optimization

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​Optimization Strategies

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Lazy Loading Issues

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Optimization Strategies