GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for executing those queries with your existing data. It provides a complete and understandable description of the data in your API and gives clients the power to ask for exactly what they need.
GraphQL Anti-Patterns Overview
GraphQL, despite its flexibility and efficiency, has several common anti-patterns that can lead to performance issues, security vulnerabilities, and maintainability problems. Here are the most important anti-patterns to avoid when working with GraphQL.
Not Using Pagination
Fetching large collections without pagination can lead to performance issues and timeout errors. Implement cursor-based or offset-based pagination for all list queries.
Overfetching in Resolvers
Overfetching in resolvers can lead to N+1 query problems and poor performance. Use DataLoader to batch and cache database queries.
Not Using Proper Authorization
Not Using Input Validation
Not validating user input can lead to data corruption and security vulnerabilities. Implement input validation for all mutations.
Not Using Query Complexity Analysis
Without query complexity analysis, clients can send expensive queries that overload your server. Implement query complexity analysis to prevent DoS attacks.
Not Using Proper Error Handling
Poor error handling can lead to security vulnerabilities and a poor developer experience. Implement proper error handling in all resolvers.
Not Using Field-Level Permissions
Not implementing field-level permissions can lead to sensitive data exposure. Use directives or resolver-level checks to implement field-level permissions.
Not Using Fragments for Client Queries
Duplicating field selections across queries leads to maintenance issues. Use fragments to share field selections across queries.
Not Using Proper Caching
Not implementing proper caching can lead to poor performance. Use cache control directives and a caching solution like Redis to improve performance.
Not Using Persisted Queries
Sending full query text with each request increases network traffic. Use persisted queries to reduce network traffic and improve security.
Not Using Code Generation
Manually defining types for GraphQL operations is error-prone. Use code generation tools like GraphQL Code Generator to generate type-safe code from your GraphQL schema and operations.
Not Using Schema Stitching or Federation for Microservices
A monolithic GraphQL schema becomes hard to maintain as your application grows. Use schema stitching or federation to split your schema across multiple services.